Is Fruit Juice Good Or Bad For Diabetes? New Research Reveals A Genetic Twist

New investigation reveals that enjoying consequence juice whitethorn thief offset familial consequence for type 2 diabetes, astatine slightest for immoderate Japanese adults, underscoring nan committedness of personalized nutrition successful illness prevention.

Inverse relation betwixt consequence juice depletion and type 2 glucosuria among individuals pinch precocious familial consequence connected type 2 diabetes: The J-MICC Study. Image Credit: Garna Zarina / Shutterstock

In a caller study published successful nan British Journal of Nutrition, researchers investigated whether 100% consequence juice depletion influences nan consequence of type 2 glucosuria (T2D) successful Japanese adults.

T2D prevalence has steadily accrued successful Japan, affecting astir 8% of adults. Adiposity, familial predisposition, and property are nan known drivers of T2D, pinch modifiable dietary factors being important targets for T2D prevention. Fruit juice is often studied successful this context, albeit nan findings stay inconsistent. Various studies person demonstrated null, positive, aliases inverse associations betwixt consequence juice and incident T2D.

This heterogeneity reflects differences successful juice type, a cardinal favoritism being betwixt sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% consequence juice, and organization differences successful obesity, diet, familial risks, and analytical approaches. Rapidly absorbable sugars could summation postprandial glucose levels, weight gain, and hepatic lipogenesis, elevating T2D risk, whereas fruit-derived micronutrients whitethorn amended insulin sensitivity and trim oxidative stress, decreasing risk.

Polygenic consequence scores (PRSs) summarize thousands of communal T2D-related variants and estimate inherited risk. A increasing assemblage of grounds suggests that gene-diet interactions could attenuate aliases amplify nutritional effects connected glycemic outcomes. However, nary study has investigated consequence juice depletion crossed strata of T2D polygenic consequence successful East Asians, and whether consequence juice intake is associated pinch T2D among Japanese adults remains unclear.

About nan study

In nan coming study, researchers evaluated nan associations betwixt consequence juice intake and T2D consequence successful Japanese adults. They utilized information from nan Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study, which recruited astir 100,000 adults aged 35-69 from 2005 to 2014. It is important to statement that this was a cross-sectional study, which examines information astatine a azygous constituent successful clip and truthful cannot found a cause-and-effect relationship. Participants completed a questionnaire connected sociodemographics, lifestyle, and aesculapian history astatine baseline.

Anthropometric measurements were taken, and humor samples were collected astatine baseline. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized to measure beingness activity. The Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to estimate nutrient intake. The questionnaire evaluated nan depletion of 100% consequence juice crossed 7 categories, which for superior study were grouped into “no intake” aliases “at slightest erstwhile weekly.”

The superior result was self-reported, physician-diagnosed T2D. In total, 14,068 J-MICC participants were genotyped. Two East-Asian polygenic scores for T2D were identified from nan Polygenic Score Catalog: PGS002379 pinch 920,930 variants and PGS001294 pinch 3,496 variants. The superior analyses utilized PGS002379 arsenic it had broader genomic coverage.

PRS was calculated for each subordinate and standardized to a Z-score. The Z-score was stratified into quintiles (high, middle-high, middle, middle-low, and low), pinch nan apical quintile being nan precocious familial consequence group. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to estimate likelihood ratios and 95% assurance intervals for T2D. Model 1 was adjusted for participants’ age, sex, and tract (or residential location).

Model 2 was additionally adjusted for hypertension, dyslipidemia, education, and family history of T2D. Model 3 was further adjusted for beingness activity, intoxicant and smoking status, and regular mean slumber duration. In addition, nan squad investigated nan effect of interactions betwixt PRS and consequence juice intake connected T2D. Finally, they assessed nan relation betwixt consequence juice intake and T2D stratified by PRS quintiles.

Findings

The study included 13,769 participants, including 7,517 females. Of these, 814 individuals (267 females and 547 males) were diagnosed pinch T2D. Individuals pinch T2D were importantly older and had higher weight and tallness than those without T2D. Further, T2D subjects had longer regular slumber long and little beingness activity than non-T2D subjects.

Alcohol intake, smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were much prevalent among T2D subjects than non-T2D subjects. Notably, much T2D subjects discontinue some smoking and intoxicant depletion compared to those without T2D. Participants who consumed 100% consequence juice had importantly little likelihood of T2D than those who did not. A much elaborate study showed a dose-response pattern, wherever higher depletion was associated pinch little likelihood of T2D.

This relation was sustained aft further accommodation for confounding variables (models 2 and 3). After uncovering statistical grounds of a gene-diet interaction, nan cardinal uncovering emerged from a stratified analysis: T2D was importantly little only successful consequence juice consumers pinch a precocious familial risk, pinch nary important relation recovered successful those pinch debased aliases mean familial risk. However, nan study's creation intends it is besides imaginable that this relation could beryllium owed to reverse causation, wherever individuals whitethorn person reduced their consequence juice intake aft receiving a T2D diagnosis.

Conclusions

Taken together, nan findings propose an inverse relation betwixt T2D and 100% consequence juice intake among Japanese group pinch precocious familial consequence for T2D. Notably, this relation was not observed successful group pinch debased familial consequence for T2D, strengthening nan proposal of imaginable interactions betwixt dietary factors and familial predisposition. Given nan study's limitations, peculiarly its cross-sectional nature, these findings do not beryllium that consequence juice prevents diabetes. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explain whether this relation is causal and to place nan circumstantial familial variants that whitethorn modulate nan metabolic consequence to consequence juice constituents.